Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum) is an herbal remedy used mainly to protect and detoxify the liver. Milk thistle has been used for a range of psychiatric disorders including methamphetamine abuse and obsessive compulsive disorder. Milk thistle. The survey revealed anecdotal evidence of the improved quality of life among those who took milk thistle, despite having no measurable improvements in hepatitis symptoms like liver inflammation. Its resources include publications (such as Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know) and fact sheets on a variety of specific supplement ingredients and products (such as vitamin D and multivitamin/mineral supplements). Milk thistle is currently used for the treatment of toxin-induced liver injury, for its inhibition of progressive hepatic fibrosis and the prevention of cirrhosis, for its antifibrogenic effects in alcohol-induced cirrhosis and for modulation of insulin resistance. Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. When looking at Milk Thistle itself (prior to any extraction), the fruits or thistles contain: Silymarin at 1.5-3% of dry weight (to be elucidated later) [2] Silyhermin and both Neosilyhermin A and B [2]; Protein and Mucilage (taking up 25-30% of the herb by dry weight) [2] Quercetin and the dihydro varient known as Taxifolin [2]; Kaempferol, Dihydrokaempferol, and the 7-glucoside and 3 . The information and products shown on this website should not be interpreted as a substitute for physician evaluation or treatment. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties mean that it is possibly neuroprotective and could help prevent the decline in brain function you experience as you age (14, 15). Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1, Email: info@nccih.nih.gov (link sends email). This article will explore the uses of milk thistle and research on its potential benefits. [Database subscription]. Psoriasis (Auckl). However, one area of milk thistle research focuses on how it affects bone marrow, which contributes to overall bone health but also has implications in treating diseases like multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. Milk thistle is often sold as an herbal supplement. Tajmohammadi A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Summary In animals, milk thistle has been shown to stimulate bone mineralization. Theres conflicting research on the benefits of milk thistle for liver health. The benefits of milk thistle are believed to come from silymarin, an anti-inflammatory compound present throughout the entire plant, but highly concentrated in milk thistle seeds (4). There is no standardized dosage or recommended intake for milk thistle tea, but it's generally considered safe if consumed in moderation. Someone please correct me if I'm wrong. 2015;22(2):290-296. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.010, Voroneanu L, Nistor I, Dumea R, Apetrii M, Covic A. Silymarin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Call 911 or seek help right away if you experience severe side effects from taking milk thistle. Careers. If youre pregnant or breastfeeding, check with your doctor before using milk thistle. 2015;26(5):475486. One small clinical trial showed an increase in breast milk formation in humans using milk thistle, but researchers caution that more studies are needed. Further, while liver-related mortality was significantly reduced by milk thistle, this was not seen in any of the high-quality trials. Users are advised to seek the advice of their physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Satisfaction. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with However, there is no solid evidence that supports these claims. Multiple Myeloma vs. Leukemia: What Are the Differences? 2023 Healthline Media LLC. ; Extensively studied; effective in treatment of cirrhosis, hepatitis, chemical- or . Dupuis ML, Conti F, Maselli A, et al. Bookmark the permalink. It also states that Milk Thistle will lower Ferritin and that iron-supplement is advised. Large-scale, properly-designed studies are needed. The terms "milk thistle" and "silymarin" are often used interchangeably. Little is known about whether its safe to use milk thistle during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Malaria. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Alleviates Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Induced by D-Galactose and Aluminum Chloride. Milk thistle can cause: Gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting and abdominal bloating Itchiness Headache If you have diabetes, use milk thistle with caution, since the supplement might lower blood sugar. Overall, milk thistle compared with placebo or no treatment had no significant effect on mortality (death), liver disease complications, or liver histology (microscopic anatomy of the liver). J Diabetes Res. edeka3 Brain Fog (anxiety, depression, ADHD), lots of medications. Liu HY, Wei HJ, Wu L, Liu SM, Tang YY, Zou W, Wang CY, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Milk thistle may not be safe for everyone. 2015;22(2):290-6. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.010. Small Business Research Grant Program (SBIR), About Research Training and Career Development, Training Grant Application, Review, and Award Process, Integrative Medicine Research Lecture Series, Division of Extramural Research Sponsored by NCCIH, Division of Intramural Research Conducted at NCCIH, Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact, Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article, How To Find Information About Complementary Health Approaches on PubMed, Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know. Am J Gastroenterol. Medical research suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. People have traditionally used milk thistle for problems with the liver and gallbladder . In one such study, a 45-day course of silymarin, the active component of milk thistle, increased antioxidant capacity and reduced generalized inflammation in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with a placebo. Nouri-Vaskeh M, Malek Mahdavi A, Afshan H, Alizadeh L, Zarei M. Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. Milk Thistle (and liver cleansing) has two workings: it supports the liver and it lowers the inactive rT3 in favour of the active T3. Learn to concoct simple home remedies with easy-to-grow medicinal herbs, Some are looking to alternative medicines to help prevent or treat diseases like cancer. Silymarin (Silybum marianum; SM), popularly known as milk thistle, is an extract that has been used for many centuries to treat liver diseases. It will also cover milk thistle side effects, precautions, dosage, and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. The nutritional content varies for each brand, so be sure to . Neuroprotective potential of silymarin against CNS disorders: insight into the pathways and molecular mechanisms of action. This article reviews what milk thistle is and, Milk thistle tea is said to protect the liver, stimulate breast milk production, and lower blood sugar levels. Milk thistle may have been combined with other plants or extracts in a specific preparation to treat these conditions. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. a history of endometriosis or uterine fibroids. And although milk thistle extract is commonly used as a complementary therapy for people with liver diseases, theres currently no evidence that it can prevent you from getting these conditions, especially if you have an unhealthy lifestyle. Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, milk thistle may be a useful supplement for people with acne. Researchers believe that silymarin reduced the oxidative stress traditionally attributed with diabetes (7). Anticancer Drugs. Do not use more of this product than is recommended on the label. When reported, side effects for milk thistle are generally gut disturbances like diarrhea, nausea or bloating. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. The natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis. Mastron JK, Siveen KS, Sethi G, Bishayee A.Silymarin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic, comprehensive, and critical review. The terms milk thistle and silymarin are often used interchangeably. Milk thistle is thought to be safe for most people, but precautions should be taken as side effects are possible. It's typically recommended to avoid taking multiple supplements for the same cause at the same time. Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Hepatology. You may also consider consulting a practitioner who is trained in the use of herbal/health supplements. Other studies looking at milk thistle for cirrhosis have found conflicting results. Song X, Zhou B, Zhang P, Lei D, Wang Y, Yao G, Hayashi T, Xia M, Tashiro S, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Neurochem Res. Milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, indigestion, and other conditions. 2018;8:65-74. doi:10.2147/PTT.S169333. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Sep 29, 2022. A survey conducted in the U.S. reported that 23% of those polled used herbal supplements for their hepatitis C, with milk thistle being the most common choice. The Physician Global Assessment and Body Surface Area composite tool is a simple alternative to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index for assessment of psoriasis: post hoc analysis from PRISTINE and PRESTA. Reflux Risk and Relief View More . U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Some supplements are close to chemicals in efficacy like saffron (standardized extract) for depression and magnolia bark extract for anxiety. Milk thistle is now found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Get the facts on milk thistle for the liver. It is not known whether milk thistle passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. JAMA. Milk thistle should not be used in place of medication prescribed for you by your doctor. 2020;31(4):/j/jbcpp.2020.31.issue-4/jbcpp-2019-0206/jbcpp-2019-0206.xml. Milk thistle may be useful in treating liver disease, cancer, and diabetes. However, there are currently no human studies examining the effects of milk thistle in people with Alzheimers or other neurological conditions like dementia and Parkinsons. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. In 2010, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of milk thistle to the antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) in treating OCD (600 milligrams of milk thistle vs 30 milligrams of Prozac daily). Although milk thistle may be helpful in hepatitis C, more research is needed to support these claims. Keywords: In: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). Milk thistle might also help prevent insulin resistance and slow the growth of cancer,. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. The review went on to say that silymarin may be linked to lower rates of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and liver disease. Zargani M, Ramirez-Campillo R, Arabzadeh E. Pflugers Arch. The irony of this list of side effects being associated with drugs intended to treat anxiety, depression, and OCD is not lost on us, and ultimately begs the question, What naturally helps OCD?. Fluoxetine (Prozac), for instance, clocks in at roughly $16 for 21 capsules if youre buying with the drugs.com discount card, but the side effects are often not as easy to swallow (3). A small number of studies have suggested that milk thistle extract might be beneficial for diabetes, but the conclusions about its effectiveness are not definite. 7 likes, 2 comments - lyndsey | nutrition + fertility + herbalism + birth (@rooted_in_ritual) on Instagram: " Ways to Prepare for Ovulation Ovulation is the . official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes. Phytother Res. #1: Milk thistle detoxifies the liver. In fact, in studies where high doses were used for long periods, only about 1% of people experienced side effects (1). Although more research is needed on how it works, milk thistle is thought to reduce damage to the liver caused by free radicals, which are produced when your liver metabolizes toxic substances. Milk thistle may produce allergic reactions, which tend to be more common among people who are allergic to plants in the same family (for example, ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy). Although some studies have shown positive results on milk thistle for people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the overall research does not show a benefit. Milk thistle has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating heartburn, or seasonal allergy symptoms. A systematic review (summary of medical literature on a specific topic) conducted in 2016 further concluded that using silymarin regularly may reduce fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels, two important factors in diabetes management. If left untreated, anaphylaxis can lead to shock, coma, cardiac or respiratory failure, or even death. One of the active ingredients in milk thistle called silymarin is extracted from the plant's seeds. Milk thistle contains compounds that may support skin, liver, and bone health and enhance weight loss. Not all possible interactions are listed in this product guide. In clinical trials, milk thistle appears to be well tolerated in recommended doses. More studies are needed before it can be determined how silymarin might be used to support people undergoing cancer treatment. Risks. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Silymarin is an antioxidant compound taken from milk thistle seeds. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. While milk thistle has been traditionally used in pregnant and breastfeeding women, its safety is unknown. 2023 Jan 14;19:133-151. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S376380. Since milk thistle may lower blood sugar, people with diabetes should check with their doctor before taking the herb as it may make their blood sugar fall too low. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver disorders and gallbladder problems. Milk thistle. It may be effective in mild to moderate depression, but two studies reported no benefit in major depression . Common Names:milk thistle, Mary thistle, holy thistle, Latin Names:Silybum marianum, synonym Carduus marianus. 2011;17(18):2288-2301. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2288. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Not available for orders containing UltraNourish. In one clinical trial, 60 people with benign polyps in the colon (which often develop into colon cancer) took a herbal blend with milk thistle, a flaxseed antioxidant, and oat fiber for 2 . Huberman: "Anything that reduces 5-alpha reductase is going to reduce DHT & maintain or extend the growth phase, the anagen phase, of hair growth. Dosage and side effects. Silymarin, an active component of milk thistle, may improve liver function and reduce symptoms of cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver. Milk thistle has been used as a traditional remedy for neurological conditions like Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease for over two thousand years (13). A 2010 review by researchers found that black . Milk thistle is a popular herbal remedy that has been used for its therapeutic effects for centuries. Here are 7 science-based benefits of milk thistle. Join 45,000+ subscribers and receive the latest, useful and exclusive health and wellness articles, health tips, special offers and more - delivered direct to your inbox. Milk thistle is most often used for various liver conditions, like hepatitis and fatty liver disease. A study from 2012 confirmed that milk thistle might not have true beneficial effects on hepatitis C. In the study, patients who took silymarin, an active component of milk thistle, daily for 24 weeks had no significant improvements in liver enzymes or other measures compared to those who took the placebo. Review/update the Milk thistle may have been combined with other plants or extracts in a specific preparation to treat these conditions. But even if youve figured out how to manage the symptoms and compulsions, the side effects of many FDA-approved OCD medications can introduce a wide swath of issues and side effects. Milk thistle. Theres some evidence that milk thistle can treat cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, which can be caused by alcohol abuse, autoimmune disease, or viruses. 1. Research on milk thistle use for specific conditions shows: Milk thistle might play a role in treating certain liver conditions. Milk thistle has been used to treat disorders of the liver and gallbladder for at least 2,000 years. . It is not known whether milk thistle will harm an unborn baby. Well go over some of its most well-known benefits, Many people are interested in herbal supplements to support their liver health. If you choose to use milk thistle, use it as directed on the package or as directed by your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. These include: Summary Milk thistle is generally considered safe. People who are allergic to artichokes, kiwi, ragweed, daisies, marigolds, and chrysanthemums are at higher risk. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity. Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. Talk with your healthcare provider before starting milk thistle to make sure it is the right supplement for you. 5th ed. Its regularly used as a complementary therapy by people who have liver damage due to conditions like alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and even liver cancer (1, 5, 6). Some people are advised to be cautious when taking milk thistle. Milk thistle and its antioxidant properties are promising in managing OCD symptoms but it may also be beneficial to explore other herbs for OCD treatment to bolster and round out a supplement regimen. Song X, Zhou B, Cui L, Lei D, Zhang P, Yao G, Xia M, Hayashi T, Hattori S, Ushiki-Kaku Y, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Neurochem Res. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Digestion and Depression . Summary The active ingredients in milk thistle have been shown in animals to improve the effects of some cancer treatments. . IBM Micromedex. Herbal/health supplements should be purchased from a reliable source to minimize the risk of contamination. Abstract Depression is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some medications have been known to interact with milk thistle negatively. Depression, Milk Thistle, Mood, Silibum Marianum (milk thistle), Silymarin. doi:10.1097/CAD.0000000000000211, Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, et al. Nevertheless, pregnant women, those allergic to the Asteraceae family of plants, those with diabetes and anyone with an estrogen-sensitive condition should seek medical advice before taking it. Eur Endocrinol. Using different formulations together increases the risk of an overdose. 2012;308(3):274-82. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8265. However, its currently unclear if it has the same beneficial effects in humans. While milk thistle is considered a noxious weed in various parts of the United States, it has little oral consumption value and is best absorbed in tablet or capsule supplement form, but can also be consumed as a tea or oral tincture. However, how it affects humans is currently unknown. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. However, this review also noted that the quality of the studies was not very high, so more studies are needed before its possible to make any firm recommendations (44). Prasad RR, Paudel S, Raina K, Agarwal R. Silibinin and non-melanoma skin cancers. Interactions. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Camini FC, Costa DC. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial. The study researchers hypothesize that milk thistle's antioxidant qualities make it a good candidate for treating conditions like cancer, hepatitis, NAFLD, diabetes, depression, and heart disease. All rights reserved. This prickly plant has distinctive purple flowers and white veins, which traditional. It is primarily considered a cleansing agent and used to block or flush toxins from the body. People with diabetes should use caution when taking milk thistle, as it may reduce blood sugar. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A double-blind controlled study. An allergic reaction is more common in people who are allergic to other plants in the Asteraceae family, such as ragweed, daisies, marigolds and chrysanthemums. If we combine this information with your protected HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Dosing of milk thistle ranged from 150 mg twice a day to 300 mg twice a day. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver disorders and gallbladder problems. Unexpected effects from milk thistle. 2023 Natural Wellness. Swimming and L-arginine loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorates aging-induced neuron atrophy, autophagy marker LC3, GABA and BDNF-TrkB pathway in the spinal cord of rats. Summary One study has shown that people taking milk thistle supplements experienced a decrease in the number of acne lesions on their body. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Consult with a licensed healthcare professional before using any herbal/health supplement. Just amazing and timely information at your fingertips. Milk thistle is a traditional Chinese medicine extract derived from the mature fruit of Silybum marianum. Certain people should take precautions when using milk thistle, and others may need to avoid it altogether. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. It is possibly effective in diabetes and indigestion (). Epub 2019 Nov 24. The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information onNCCIHand complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. Interestingly, one study found that people with acne who took 210 milligrams of silymarin per day for 8 weeks experienced a 53% decrease in acne lesions (42). Milk thistle may be a useful complementary therapy to help manage type 2 diabetes. The benefits of milk thistle may be due to silymarin, an active ingredient found in the herb that is said to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. PMC Matutino Santos P, Pereira Campos G, Nascimento C. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. metabolic syndrome, depression, cardiovascular diseases and thalassemia, in addition to its photoprotective activity in in vitro tests and preclinical studies. Milk thistle may also be used for purposes not listed in this product guide. In reducing oxidative stress, milk thistle is believed to be neuroprotective by helping prevent decline in brain function. other information we have about you. 2021;142:112024. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021, Walsh JA, Jones H, Mallbris L, et al. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a plant traditionally used as a liver tonic. Some animal studies have shown that milk thistle could be useful for reducing the side effects of cancer treatments (26, 27, 28). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1982;17:51721. Did you know that milk thistle has recently been touted as a natural remedy to help manage the debilitating symptoms of OCD? Milk thistle has long been utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent offering numerous benefits to our liver, cholesterol, cardiovascular health, menopause symptom relief, and even gallbladder disorders. Milk thistle is not recommended for children. Its been suggested that the antioxidant effects of silymarin may have some anticancer effects, which could be helpful for people receiving cancer treatment (9). Int J Mol Sci. Our study provides a new insight into the protective effects of silibinin in the treatment of anxiety/depression. Milk thistle is sometimes used to treat skin conditions including mild psoriasis. Silybin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis, Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review, Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice, Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of vitamin E on chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies. National Library of Medicine (US); 2022. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Taken in appropriate doses, oral use of milk thistle appears to be safe. 8600 Rockville Pike Milk thistle can cause an allergic reaction, including a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). JAMA. Beware that milk thistle can worsen depression, it doesn't act the same on everybody. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Apr 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. There are other supplements that work similarly to milk thistle. Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition. Read our. Do not take milk thistle without medical advice if you are using a medication to treat any of the following conditions: any type of infection (including HIV, malaria, or tuberculosis); arthritis pain, occasional pain, or tension headaches (including Advil, Motrin, or Celebrex); heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or a heart condition; psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune disorders; This list is not complete. https://www.wolterskluwercdi.com/facts-comparisons-online/. Benefits. About curcumin, it isn't usually a problem but if you're on IMAOs you may like to read a bit before taking high doses. There is a problem with Milk thistle is a plant also known as Artichaut Sauvage, Cardo Lechoso, Cardui Mariae, Carduus marianus, Chardon Argent, Chardon de Marie, pine Blanche, Holy Thistle, Lady's Thistle, Lait de Notre-Dame, Legalon, Marian Thistle, Mariendistel, Mary Thistle, Shui Fei Ji, Silibinin, Silybe de Marie, Silybum, Silymarin, and other names. Its been discovered that one of the compounds in milk thistle may work similarly to some diabetic medications by helping improve insulin sensitivity and decrease blood sugar (43). privacy practices. Learn. 2016;5147468. doi:10.1155/2016/5147468. People with diabetes should use caution. Moreover, its unclear whether milk thistle is well enough absorbed in people to allow adequate amounts to pass through the blood-brain barrier.
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