At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. Today, the Hershey name decorates numerous buildings in the town known for its chocolate factory, hotel and theme park as well as its community and cultural and educational institutions. In 1909 the first baseball stadium was built in Pittsburgh. ThoughtCo. What Caused the Rise of the Democrats & the Whigs. Disease, which had threatened the survival of many of the early settlements, was much reduced. At midcentury, just under a quarter million blacks lived in the colonies, almost twenty times the number in 1700. Colonial trade and industry. Pennsylvanias early history, influenced by the idealism of its founder William Penn, makes it unique among the original thirteen colonies. Penn returned to England in 1701 and died there in 1718. Native Americans Although William Penn was granted all the land in Pennsylvania by the King, he chose not to grant or settle any part of it without first buying the claims of the Native Americans who lived there. In the colonial era, the commonly held idea was that good housewives would raise good children who would become upstanding citizens in the community. Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. Under the constitution, the General Assembly provides rules and regulations for local governments. Number of slaves in 1700: 430. Concurrently, restrictions were placed on finished goods. Rice cultivation expanded in South Carolina and Georgia, and indigo was added around 1740. Major agriculture in the Pennsylvania Colony included livestock, wheat, corn, and dairy. Penn's goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. They owned plantations, mines and ranches No it wasn't. Around the early 1900s, educational opportunities became more readily available through expanding colleges and universities. Government in colonial times resembled the British structure of a king and two houses of Parliament, and were subject to British rule. This also was the way things happened in Delaware. The Plain Peoplethe Amish, the Mennonites, and other small sectshave kept their traditional ways of life based in the teachings of the Bible. The governor is elected for a four-year term and may be reelected for one additional term. The Plain Peoplethe Amish, the Mennonites, and other small sectshave kept their traditional ways of life based in the teachings of the Bible. What was the social structure in Colonial Pennsylvania. Penn and his friends came up from Chester in an open boat and landed on the low and sandy beach at Dock Creek, it is believed. This territory was then surrendered to the Dutch in 1655 when Peter Stuyvesant sent a large force to invade. The New England colonies were founded to escape religious persecution in England. Consisted of the wealthy and best educated, Were made up of sailors and apprentices.. In 1608, English Captain John Smith visited the Susquehannock Indians in Pennsylvania. Under the constitution of 1968Pennsylvanias fourth since becoming a stateand its subsequent amendments, the executive branch consists of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, auditor general, state treasurer, and governors cabinet. Pennsylvania Grades 4-8 - Social Studies Subject Concentration (5157): Practice & Study Guide 42 chapters | 352 lessons | 39 flashcard sets Ch 1. Women married earlier, giving them the opportunity to have more children, and large families were the norm. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. However, the business closed in 1882, and Milton traveled the country honing his trade before opening a location in Lancaster for his third confectionery business specializing in caramels. All Rights Reserved. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. Mabel Pauline Wolff, The Colonial Agency of Pennsylvania, 1712-1757 (Phila-delphia, I933). A significant development was that of hospitals specializing in orthopedic and mental care and the treatment of specific problems such as drug and alcohol abuse. Meanwhile, the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania brought African American women from the south and students from India, Japan and Syria. A small park with a statue to Printz commemorates the location. New England's rocky soil and short growing season along with the practice of dividing already small farms among siblings led families to a barely subsistent living. The Pennsylvania Colony was also called the Province of Pennsylvania. The ship was filled with additional passengers, mostly Quakers, with good estates. Corn, wheat, and livestock were shipped primarily to the West Indies from the growing commercial centers of Philadelphia and New York. In 1643, Governor Johan Printz arrived and built Fort Elfsborg and Fort New Gothenburg at Tinicum Island, nearby todays Philadelphia airport. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Urban women, freed from such domestic chores as spinning and candle making (cloth and candles could be purchased in the cities), had somewhat more leisure time, and they might help their husbands in their shop or tavern. Religious tolerance, diversity, and representative government became reality here in Pennsylvania. The city was the worlds largest and most varied manufacturer of textile weaving including Weavers at the Quaker Lace Company, the Pennsylvania Woven Carpet Mills and the New Glen Echo Mills. The state department of education establishes statewide standards for teacher certification and curricula and apportions money to the local school districts. In 1610 Virginian Captain Samuel Argall visited Delaware Bay (he named it for Lord de la Warr, governor of Virginia). Pennsylvania and other middle colonies had a more equal class system. In the year 1769, Pennsylvania and Delaware as well as the rest of the colonies were still upholding and basing their laws of of England's Common Law.The Common Law stated . Because of Hershey's success, Milton was able to fund the town of Hershey and his Hershey Industrial School for orphan boys. Natural resources in the Pennsylvania Colony included iron ore, coal, furs, forest, and farmland. Economic recessions were common in the colonies during the eighteenth century, and they affected workers in the cities most. They ran the house, farmed and raised children. 2015-11-04 04:06:29. Later on the French and Indian War damaged their relationship. from your Reading List will also remove any This is where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed. ThoughtCo, Apr. The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. The General Assembly consists of a Senate of 50 members and a House of Representatives of 203 members. The Duke granted New Jersey to two loyal friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. William Penn was appointed by King Charles II to be governor of Pennsylvania in 1682. Any Swedish settlers were to become English subjects, seeing that the English were now in a majority in the colony. The government provides most of the funds for public social services in Pennsylvania. In some districts of the sparsely populated South Carolina colony, blacks outnumbered whites by as much as eight to one, and they were able to retain their African culture more than slaves who were taken to Virginia or Maryland. The three main social classes in Colonial society were the gentry, the middle class and the lower class. William Penn: Founding and governorship of Pennsylvania. Saving enough money to go into business for himself was the dream of every journeyman. In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. The educational system is administered through public school districts that provide teachers, textbooks, laboratory materials, and physical equipment. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and treated much better in the Pennsylvania. Dating from the 18th century are Dickinson College (1773), in Carlisle; Franklin and Marshall College (1787), in Lancaster; and Washington and Jefferson College (1787), in Washington. In New England, molasses and sugar were distilled into rum, which was used to buy African slaves. A plain and simple monument stands in Shackamaxon, at Penn Treaty Park, in Kensington, a modest memorial of a momentous act, the spot where was signed an unbroken treaty. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and . The relationship between natives and settlers soured over the years as a result of miscommunication, an increase in the number of English colonizers coming to Pennsylvania, outward land expansion, disease and, most notably, a transfer of power. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. In 1712, the trade of enslaved people was outlawed in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. Penn was a supporter of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, a controversial religion at the time that rejected rituals and oaths and opposed war. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. 2 The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Fueling the industry at this time relied heavily on Pennsylvanias natural resources. Among the main powers of the governor are broad veto power over bills passed in the legislature (General Assembly), including a line-item veto for appropriations bills, and the right to return bills to the Assembly for reconsideration. Large middle class built around artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers. In 1903, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates competed against each other in the first official World Series of Major League Baseball at Exposition Park in Pittsburgh. The Pennsylvania colony was among the 'Middle Colonies' of America, which included prominent colonies such as New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The lack of slaves in the colony meant everyone had to work hard on a daily basis while the children received an education in the colony schools. Although women gave up their property rights when they married, single women and widows could inherit property under English law. Pennsylvanias industry extended overseas and brought over more people from Germany, the Far East and South America. The Pennsylvania Colony has very mild weather and climate. The Quakers were among the most radical of the English Protestant sects that had sprung up in the 17th century. Servants who worked on the land becoming rich, being considered the best, poor man's country. They had 3 social classes. The largest ethnic group to arrivethe African slavescame in chains. Pennsylvania's approach to government is historically important, as it played an important role in developing the foundation for American democracy and in leading the fight to abolish slavery. Slaves made up twenty percent of the population of New York in 1746, for example. The second frame addressed several objections to provisions in the original document, and included a change to require three members from each Pennsylvania county and a rule that the member count must be between 18 and 72. Motivations for colonization: English colonies popped up along the eastern seaboard for a variety of reasons. The Pennsylvania Colony became a U.S. state on December 12 th, 1787. Explanation: The social classes during the Colonial times were determined by wealth, land ownership and job titles. In the American Civil War (1861-1865), Pennsylvania was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in which Union General George Meade defeated Confederate General Robert E. Lee, bringing an end to the Confederacys Northern invasion, as well as Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address. Our Demographics. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. Pennsylvania played an extremely important role in the American Revolution. (Neighborhoods such as Southwark, Spring Garden and Northern Liberties comprised a larger population of Latin American residents, many of who worked as cigar makers and at Baldwin Locomotive Works. Penn had high hopes that the colony would enjoy religious freedom, as well as peace with the Lenni Lenapes and other American Indians who had lived in this land for centuries. Yet even in Pennsylvania ( Pennsylvania: Frame of Government and Pennsylvania: An Act of Freedom of Conscience ), although the law was ostensibly "tolerant" of religious variety and protective of freedom of . He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government. Middle Colonies - Government The Germans introduced house and barn raising; a barn/house frame was raised in one day while the women prepared a large feast. Filtering into the backcountry of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas, they established farms on the frontier and grew just enough food to keep themselves going. Philadelphia quickly became a refuge for Quakers in the New World. The government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. Most people were in the agricultural business. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. Dutch navigator Cornelis Jacobszoon May was provided a patent to explore the Delaware region more thoroughly and Dutch trading posts were established up and down the Delaware Bay starting in 1620. Pennsylvania grew 8 times its original amount from 1700 to 1780. Milton ended his formal education in 1871 and worked with a printer before starting an apprenticeship with Joseph R. Royer, a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. But in just a few decades, his great-grandson, Milton Hershey, would become one of the most famous chocolatiers in the world and transformed their homestead into the unofficial chocolate capital of the country. Race Ethnicity Or Social Class Neither Should The Quakers, Labeling Themselves As The Society of Friends The Quakers Mercantile theory encouraged the colonies to provide raw materials for England's industrializing economy; pig iron and coal became important exports. What did the people of Pennsylvania do for a living? It was not uncommon for a woman to manage her husband's business after his death. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. This body was in charge of approving or rejecting bills passed by the council. Below them were the laborers and servants, who made up the majority of the population. proprietary colony The climate and geography of colonial Pennsylvania was similar to that of the current state of Pennsylvania. The middle class included the . Craftsmen learned their trade as apprentices and became journeymen when their term of apprenticeship (as long as seven years) was completed. The servants were used to meet a growing demand of cheap, plentiful labor in the colony. The treaty's duration was for "as long as water flows and the sun shines and grass grows." What are the 4 New England colonies? Native Americans - Although William Penn was granted . Many New Englanders left farming to fish or produce lumber, tar, and pitch that could be exchanged for English manufactured goods. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by . Middle Colonies - Social Standing Flexible social structure. Pennsylvania 1630-1700. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. Bees, a gathering of people to do a certain task,were very popular and aided in getting more work done; they had quilting bees for women, and corn husking bees, and chopping bees were everyone got together and cleared a lot for new settlers. 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners. When the supply of labor outstripped demand, wages fell and the level of unemployment rose. Immediately, Penn sent his cousin William Markham to the territory to take control of it and be its governor. On September 18, 1777, fearing that the approaching British army would seize and melt the Liberty Bell for ammunition, 200 cavalrymen transported the iconic symbol of freedom by caravan from the Philadelphia State House to the basement of the Zion Reformed Church in Allentown, where it remained until the British finally left in June of 1778. The governor in colonial times was a direct representative of the British king or queen. Main, who describes the upper house in eleven American The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. All Assembly regulations must be uniform throughout each class, and no community can secure preferential treatment. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! After learning the trade, Milton opened his first business making and selling candy on Garden Street in Philadelphia in 1876. This mixture would surely doom the Catholic experiment. 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. The council would govern when the governor was absent and this group was allowed to create courts of justice and assign judge positions. Shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. In Pennsylvania, religious groups, ideologies and state laws reflected the thoughts of the men that created them when it came to a woman's place in society and at home. By 1636 four New England Colonies were founded: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and . Penn, on behalf of the Quakers, initially sought peace with the Lenape, one of the most prominent Native American tribes that occupied the region. Puritans Who Had Believed That Only A Few Were Predestined By Being Pennsylvania and other middle colonies had a more equal class system. A 1968 constitutional amendment permitted municipalities to choose home rule. Pennsylvania today. In the late 20th century the provision of better health service to all people at all ages became a goal at both private and governmental levels. Competition from Brazilian and Caribbean planters kept the price of male field hands high, however, and the planters' North American counterparts responded by buying women and encouraging slave families. Temple University (1884), in Philadelphia, the University of Pittsburgh (1787), and Lincoln University (1854) are also state-supported. He also established laws providing for education and prohibiting slavery. Class System. Herds of English, Welsh (people of Wales), German, and Dutch Quakers flock to the Colony, so a healthy share of religious diversity is present in our Colony. Hershey is considered the Chocolate Capital of the United States. Philadelphia was home to Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Thomas Paine, members of the Founding Fathers and many of Americas early thinkers. Much of the land was suited for farming. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Pittsburgh and Scranton are classified as second-class cities. In the northern cities, wealth was increasingly concentrated in the hands of the merchants; below them was the middle class of skilled craftsmen and shopkeepers. It would not be until 1703 that Delaware would separate itself from Pennsylvania. The council could call together, as well as dismiss, the assembly whenever its members saw fit to do so. The social structure of colonial Pennsylvania is consistent with all of the rest of the thirteen colonies. The Pennsylvania Colony was dominated by the Quaker religious beliefs and values. Pennsylvania, April 30, 1982 in Philadelphia. A major responsibility in this regard is to classify all municipalitiessuch as cities, boroughs, counties, and townshipsby population size.
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