speaking and listening: evaluating a speaker quizlet speaking and listening: evaluating a speaker quizlet

Even though listening education is lacking in our society, research has shown that introductory communication courses provide important skills necessary for functioning in entry-level jobs, including listening, writing, motivating/persuading, interpersonal skills, informational interviewing, and small-group problem solving (DiSalvo, 1980). Time-oriented listeners are also more likely to interrupt others, which may make them seem insensitive to emotional/personal needs. Interestingly, such fields are typically feminized, in that people often associate the characteristics of people-oriented listeners with roles filled by women. Our sensory storage is very large in terms of capacity but limited in terms of length of storage. Short-term memory is a mental storage capability that can retain stimuli for twenty seconds to one minute. Empathetic listening is distinct from sympathetic listening. This type of listening is not evaluative and is common in teaching and learning contexts ranging from a student listening to an informative speech to an out-of-towner listening to directions to the nearest gas station. At the same time, we do not always listen most carefully to the messages of speakers we admire. These perceptual filters also play a role in listening. Time-oriented listeners are more concerned about time limits and timelines than they are with the content or senders of a message. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. Notice in Figure 4.3 Stages of Feedback that this stage is represented by the ear because it is the primary tool involved with this stage of the listening process. Paraphrasing is a responding behavior that can also show that you understand what was communicated. It makes the other person feel listened to, keeps you on track during the conversation, and provides a pause for both of you to gather thoughts or recover from an emotional reaction. The elements of public speaking (7th ed.). We then interpret auditory and visual stimuli in order to make meaning out of them based on our existing schemata. So much of the way we understand others is influenced by our own perceptions and experiences. . While hearing leads to listening, they are not the same thing. In any given communication encounter, it is likely that we will return to the receiving stage many times as we process incoming feedback and new messages. Studying communication is a great way to build your critical thinking skills, because you learn much more about the taken-for-granted aspects of how communication works, which gives you tools to analyze and critique messages, senders, and contexts. Action-oriented listeners focus on what action needs to take place in regards to a received message and try to formulate an organized way to initiate that action. What techniques do you use or could you use to improve your recall of certain information such as peoples names, key concepts from your classes, or instructions or directions given verbally? Watson, K. W., Larry L. Barker, and James B. Weaver III, The Listening Styles Profile (LS-16): Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Four Listening Styles, International Journal of Listening 9 (1995): 113. Critical-listening skills are useful when listening to a persuasive speech in this class and when processing any of the persuasive media messages we receive daily. Discuss the four main types of listening. ", ethos, an appeal based on the speaker's character. Having power, by contrast, decreases your ability to read others and accurately grasp their message dont let this happen to you! The interpreting stage engages cognitive and relational processing as we take in informational, contextual, and relational cues and try to connect them in meaningful ways to previous experiences. The test must aim to determine how well the learners are doing in this speaking skills. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. While listening is a skill universally lauded, its rarely, if ever, explicitly taught as such, outside of training for therapists. The new rules require select corporate officers to take personal responsibility for the accuracy of the financial statements. This initial memory storage unit doesnt provide much use for our study of communication, as these large but quickly expiring chunks of sensory data are primarily used in reactionary and instinctual ways. Which excerpt from paragraphs 1 to 3 of Wilson's "War Message to Congress" appeals most to the audience's emotions? When the candidate finally started speaking, the cheering and yelling was so loud that the candidate couldnt be heard easily despite using a speaker system. Read the excerpt from President Woodrow Wilson's speech, "War Message to Congress. Power alone can't change things, but is necessary prudent use; that security emanates from the justice, and strength of their example, as a nation. If people do not feel listened to, they will cease to share information. (2000). It is often a good idea to pair a paraphrase with a question to keep a conversation flowing. We then evaluate the credibility, completeness, and worth of a message before responding with verbal and nonverbal signals. Julia wants to be sure that she can listen effectively to the speaker at the town hall meeting. We forget about half of what we hear immediately after hearing it, recall 35 percent after eight hours, and recall 20 percent after a day (Hargie, 2011). When we understand something, we are able to attach meaning by connecting information to previous experiences. Take shorthand notes as you listen critically to part of President Barack Obama's inaugural address. Additionally, many bosses are not as open to questions or requests to repeat themselves as professors are. Check the three boxes that apply. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. In the first and second paragraphs of "War Message to Congress," how does Wilson establish pathos, an appeal based on emotions? Miguel is taking notes of the mayor's speech. Whether you're evaluating a speech for class, or you're helping someone else prepare for a public speaking engagement, sit quietly and listen to the speech as its given. Our aims are to increase your understanding of what good listening is, and offer research-backed advice to improve your listening skills. Americans must remain faithful to ideals. This will require conscious effort! Listening is also important in academic, professional, and personal contexts. Activity #3.3: "Who Am I?" The key is to do it twice a day for 10 to 20 minutes, focusing on a mental image or repeating a phrase and dismissing other thoughts as they come. As president of the Student Council for two years now, I think that it is time we try to establish a better system for spending our funds. Through critical listening, we analyze and evaluate messages at various levels. That it is necessary to make difficult choices to prepare the nation for a new era. It is through the interpreting stage that we may begin to understand the stimuli we have received. People think about four times faster than other people talk, so youve got spare brainpower when youre a listener. Empathetic listening is other oriented and should be genuine. In terms of completeness, we try to read between the lines and evaluate the message in relation to what we know about the topic or situation being discussed. The fourth stage in the listening process is evaluating, or judging the value of the message. Action-oriented listeners can be thought of as builderslike an engineer, a construction site foreperson, or a skilled project manager. Our ability to recall information is dependent on some of the physiological limits of how memory works. Cite the types of companies that use process costing systems. We can hold large amounts of unsorted visual information but only for about a tenth of a second. If you often find yourself distracted when trying to listen to someone, control your environment as much as possible. The advice for auditory processing applies here. Indicate the total number of changes at the right. When you paraphrase information, you rephrase the message into your own words. possible data? Its often much easier for us to tell our own story or to give advice than it is to really listen to and empathize with someone else. The next question should be : Expand and clarify your shorthand notes to summarize the speaker's main points. We begin to engage with the listening process long before we engage in any recognizable verbal or nonverbal communication. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. For example, you might say the following to start off a paraphrased response: What I heard you say was or It seems like youre saying You can also ask clarifying questions to get more information. The goal of such commissions is to allow people to tell their stories, share their perspectives in an open environment, and be listened to. 1. by repeating "we will" This is another situation where it can be helpful to have another person taking in the same information, who can fill you in on what you might have missed. Distinguish between the interactional models of communication and the transactional model of communication. AssignmentTake shorthand notes as you listen critically to part of President Barack Obama's inaugural address. If a listener has a strong bias against foreign accents, the listener may not even attempt to attend to the message. What is the purpose of President Woodrow Wilson's speech "War Message to Congress"? Pair students off and have both talk, simultaneously, for 30-60 seconds. Since retention and recall are important components of informational listening, good concentration and memory skills are key. Why have downsizing and contingent employment become widespread? To increase the difficulty, ask the student to connect a series of images. Getting integrated: Identify how critical listening might be useful for you in each of the following contexts: academic, professional, personal, and civic.